Numbers in
Dhamma Last
updated on 2010
5
27
, a
full
moon day;
Numbers in
Dhamma Last
updated on 2010
5
27, a
full
moon day;
2 kinds of enemy: mental defilements and brutal people;
2 kinds of kāma: desirable objects vatthu-kāma, and desire for them kilesa-kāma;
2 kinds of jhāna: high-level concentrations samatha-jhāna, and vipassana insights vipassana-jhana; To loosen and uproot clinging mental defilements [including ditthi, māna, tanhā, ... ], 2 kinds of higher wholesomeness must be developed which are called jhāna;
Jhāna is defined as the mind fully focused on a meditative object āramanam jhāyati upanijjhāyatīti jhānam. It is of 2 kinds: contemplation on a meditative object āramman-ūpanijjhāna and contemplation on the characteristics of psycho-physical phenomena, or ultimate peacefulness of nibbāna, lakkhan-ūpanijjhāna; 1st to develop a high-level of concentration by contemplating one of the 40 kinds of conceptual objects; For example, contemplate on a living being as an object to develop the absorption in loving kindness metta-jhāna, or on one of the 10 meditative devices, such as a disk of soil pathavī-kasina, to develop well-established concentration. This practice brings about 2 kinds of high-level concentration, such as access concentration upacāra-jhāna and ultimate concentration appanā-jhāna. They are called samatha-jhāna because they make the mind calm and tranquil and also called lokiya-jhāna, because they are mundane;
2nd type of jhāna, called lakkhan-ūpanijjhana, consists of insight knowledge vipassanā-ñāna and magga phala enlightenment magga-ñāna, phala-ñāna; The insight knowledge contemplates on the individual and common characteristics of psycho-physical phenomena, called sabhāva-lakkhanā and sāmañña-lakkhanā, respectively; magga-phala enlightenment contemplates on the uniqueness or peacefulness of nibbāna called tatha-lakkhana and santi-lakkhana, respectively;
In brief, 2 kinds of jhāna are samatha-jhāna and vipassanā-jhāna; The diff is that samatha-jhāna contemplates on conceptual objects paññatti WHILE vipassanā-jhāna contemplates on the individual and common characteristics of psycho-physical phenomena that are really happening paramattha; also see: 5 jhāna factors;
2 kinds of mental power: reasoning power patisankhāna-bala, and developing power bhāvanā-bala; 2 kinds of mental power can be strengthen, by practicing meditation;
2 kinds of vehicle to nibbāna:
─ develop samatha jhāna, by observing jhāna to attain, practice vipassanā on the foundation of samatha jhāna, to WHOM aka samatha-yānika, WHO practice samatha as a vehicle to nibbāna;
─ develop enlightenment, by observing mental and physical phenomena, practice NOT samatha, practice vipassanā by observing mental and physical phenomena from moment to moment, to WHOM aka suddha-vipassanā-yānika, WHO practice vipassanā as a vehicle to nibbāna;
2 kinds of vipassanā knowledge: 2 kinds of vipassanā insights can be gained by observing; 1st, yogi must know WHAT to observe, and yogi must also know WHAT not to observe; Ultimate reality is classified into mundane and supramundane; To gain vipassanā insight [ WHICH refers the path to nibbāna ], yogi observes mundane only, NOT supramundane;
WHY not to observe supramundane? 1st, yogis have not attained them yet; 2nd, vipassanā objects are to remove mental defilements, therefore, even if yogis can attain vipassanā objects, there would be no purpose to observe them [ mental defilements ], because at this stage yogis become no longer having attachment to them [ mental defilements ]; 3rd, if yogis fail to observe mental defilements "them", yogis will be attached to them [ mental defilements ] aka yogi is being under illusion, so that they are permanent, personal belongings, pleasant, ... ;
A quote in Itivuttaka, bhūtam bhūtato passati, one should observe what are happening as they [ mental defilements "them" ] really are; Yogis can observe the phenomena at present; By observing them, by being aware of them, yogis can gain insight knowledge, aka empirical knowledge paccakkha-ñāna; WHEN this empirical knowledge becomes mature, yogis can realize all other phenomena by inference aka a process of deriving logical consequences of assumed premises strictly, yogis can also realize whether they are past or they are future, yogis can also realize whether they are internal or they are external;
2 kinds of vipassanā knowledge are empirical knowledge paccakkha-vipassanā, and inference knowledge anumāna-vipassanā;
2 kinds of yogi: to WHOM samatha as a vehicle to nibbāna, called samatha-yānika, and to WHOM vipassanā as a vehicle to nibbāna, called suddha-vipassanā-yānika;
samatha-yānika yogis who focus mind on a particular object until they attain access concentration, or ultimate concentration; And then contemplate on mind vs. physical phenomena, to develop vipassanā insight stage by stage until magga-phala enlightenment is reached;
also see: 5 qualities of a successful yogi;
2 objects to be aware of: mind nāma and matter rūpa [ also see: kāya ];
3 characteristics of standing out in bold relief [a life in samsara, whenever nought ...]: anicca, dukkha, and anatta; also see: The path to nibbāna;
3 bodies of Buddha, aka triple body of Buddha, aka trikaya; Trikaya are dhamma kaya, sambhoga kaya, and nirmana kaya;also see: 5 aggregates;
3 fetters are: self illusion (sakkāya-ditthi), doubts (vici-kicchā), indulgence in (wrongful) rites and ceremonies (silabbata-parāmāsa); After destroying 3 fetters, a stage can be attained aka sotāpanna; There are so many other fetters exist ... along with stages ... ;
3 forms of kilesa: transgressive form vitekama kilesa that manifests in body and speech; active form pariyuthāna kilesa that manifests in the mind; and dormant form anusaya kilesa that would manifest when conditions are met;
3 jewels, aka Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha;
3 kinds of books are aka tipitaka, approximately contents are 11 times larger than bible; Buddha dhamma and pali canon are derived/modified/... accordance with tipitaka ... ;
3 kinds of dāna: offering material things āmisa-dāna, offering safety or protection abhaya-dāna, and offering the method of practice that can the uplift quality of life dhamma-dāna;
1. one gained from learning suta-maya-ñāna,
2. one gained from logical thinking cintā-maya-ñāna,
3. one gained from practice bhāvanā-maya-ñāna;
The 1. & 2. have nothing to do with the awareness of mind. Regarding 3. bhāvanā-maya-ñāna, for having the knowledge gained by practicing vipassana, and able to observe the mind WHEN the moment it becomes obvious; And then the true nature of mind can be observed, this achievement WHO earned from practice, aka awareness of mind cittā-nupassanā;
3 kinds of Law Ka; square terrace; 8 1 head, doubled-bodied guinea-pigs; Lawka Maraung pagoda, AD1652; worldly life aka natural life; 6 years in the forest, mostly by himself, practicing austerities, and then discovered 4 Nobel Truths, and attained Buddha hood;
3 kinds of training sikkhā, to cure 3 forms of mental defilements kilesa: morality sīla, concentration samādhi, and wisdom paññā;
3 objects to observe, WHILE meditating, yogis have to observe 1. sensations vedanā [ beginner yogi may notice that itchy feeling, hot feeling, ... which make yogi to be unstable ... ], 2. thoughts citta [ beginner yogi may notice that how fast yogi's thoughts are unstable ... ], 3. general objects dhamma [ beginner yogi may not understand WHAT objects ... ], with the help of ardent effort, mindfulness, and concentration [ also see: 3 stages of effort ]; also see: 5 aggregates;
3 stages of effort, to gain benefit from the practice is the purification of body, speech, and mind. In order to remove impurities, yogi makes 3 stages of effort, 1. start up effort ārambha-dhātu aka ardent effort āraddha-vīriya, 2. boost up effort nikkamma-dhātu aka persistent effort paggahita-vīriya, 3. culminating effort parakkama-dhātu aka fully developed effort paripunna-vīriya; such as morality, concentration, and wisdom; Without practicing satipatthāna meditation, yogi will not be seeing the truth and yogi will not be able to purify yogi's mind of mental defilements; By exerting ardent effort āraddha-vīriya, yogi can develop mindfulness and momentary concentration khanika-samādhi; 3 factors such as effort, mindfulness, and concentration are called concentration led group samādhi-kkhanda;
3 The Three Refuges; Three Treasures;
Buddham Saranam Gacchami, faith
in the Buddha;
Dhammam Saranam Gacchami, faith in the teachings (Dharma);
Sangham Saranam Gacchami, faith in the Order (Sangha);
3 types of sīla: low class morality hīna-sīla, medium class morality majjhima-sīla, and high class morality panita-sīla;
4 Asankheyya (incalculable) periods; also see: Paying Reverence to 28 Buddha.htm;
4 great principles: whatever work to do, a must to have certain principles. If beings in wrong principles, so do wrong things and suffer great loss will be; Thus, correct principles are essential in life; WHEN practicing satipatthāna meditation, correct principles are needed so that yogi can enjoy its full benefits without much difficulty;
Pāli text mentions 4 principles mahā-padesa:
1. principles that comes directly from pāli canon sutta,
2. principles from commentaries or sub-commentaries that are in harmony with pāli canon suttā-nuloma,
3. principles given by teachers in accordance with 1. & 2. ācariya-vāda,
4. principles based on one's own idea attano-mati.
Among them, 4th principle is the weakest and the first two are the strongest; Regarding 3rd principle, it is important to have a teacher who gives guidance based on the first two principles, but avoid misled; There are some people who create new principles based on their own idea after having practiced just a little bit of this and that method, therefore great care is needed to avoid fatal mistake when practicing 4th principle; also see: Theravada vs Mahayana.htm;
4 kinds of blessings: wealth, high social status, happiness, and a tranquil mind; and these 4 are interrelated;
4 mudras of Shakyamuni Buddha;
4 types of
mandala
, in Shingon;
4 types of mandala
,
in Shingon;
4, cultivation of the four sublime states:
1. loving kindness (mettā),
2. compassion (karunā),
3. sympathetic joy (muditā),
4. equanimity (upekkhā).
4, directional, also see: Ashura; Swastika;
4, four Truth, aka 4 Noble Truths;
4, The Four Celestial Kings;
5 aggregates;also see: Stages of Holiness.htm;
5 benefits of cankama: walking meditation cankama, is walking to and fro with mindfulness; stamina for long journeys addhāna-kkhamo, stamina for hard practice padhāna-kkhamo, fewer diseases appābādo, better digestion suparināmāhāra, and durable concentration cirathitika-samādhi;
5 Dhyani Buddha(s), aka 5 Buddha wisdoms; also see: Buddha Shakyamuni; Thikse Gompa of Ladakh;
yogi should know the moment WHEN rising and falling; be aware of physical phenomena involved in, such as movement, stiffness, tension, ... , do aiming and initial attention toward it aka vitakka WHICH is one of the jhāna factors; vitakka should be sustained as if it were rubbing the object repeatedly,
THIS sustained attention is called vicāra [ vicāra, full attention ] WHICH is another jhāna factor;
if yogi cannot note/observe present objects with aiming vitakka and full attention vicāra, ardent effort ātāpa-viriya and mindfulness sati will take place, THIS mindfulness contributes to momentary concentration khanika-samādhi, WHICH is one of the jhāna factors;
khanika-samādhi concentration protects yogi's mind from mental hindrances including thoughts of sensual pleasure, thoughts of aversion, ... , and also protects yogi's mind away from mental defilements kilesa; such khanika-samādhi concentration is naturally accompanied by joy pīti and happiness sukha, WHICH are two jhāna factors;
therefore, 5 jhāna factors are aiming and initial attention vitakka, sustained attention vicāra, concentration samādhi or ekaggatā, joy pīti, and happiness sukha;
5 kinds of liberation: the liberation, consists of 5 categories: momentary liberation tadanga-vimutta, lasting liberation vikkhambhana-vimutta, complete liberation samuccheda-vimutta, peaceful liberation patipassaddhi-vimutta, and ultimate liberation nissarana-vimutta; As for awareness of mind cittā-nupassanā, yogi can observe only the 1st two, because the 3rd one refers to magga-enlightenment, and the 4th to phala-enlightenment, and the last to nibbāna.
5 orders of niyāma, aka 5 processes of niyāma: 1. kamma niyāma; 2. utu niyāma; 3. bija niyāma; 4. citta niyāma; 5. dhamma niyāma; Concerning kamma, karma is one of the five orders that prevail in our universe;
5 qualities of a successful yogi:
1. faith,
2. good health,
3. honesty,
4. effort,
5. insight into the rising and passing away;
5 supernormal powers aka abhiññā:
1. divine eye,
dibba-cakkhu;
2. divine ear, dibba-sota;
3. reminiscence of past births, pubbenivāsānussati nāna;
4. thought reading, paracitta vijānana;
5. different psychic powers, iddhividha;
5 Precepts; aka 5 sila; Remark: numbers are 5, 8, 10, WHEN on Sabbath days, some people practice 8 sila or 10 sila;
1. Not to
take life;
2. Not to steal other's belongings;
3. Not to commit adultery;
4. Not to lie;
5. Not to drink intoxicants;
6 ascetic years;
7 books, abhidhamma pitaka, 3rd of tipitaka; ACT1 2*7, ACT2 5.*, ACT3 7 [ concerning hyperspace, 3,4 hyperdimensional dimensions, vectors, ... in ACT3 stage are out of a Myanmar knowledge ];
7 headed serpent Naga, protection structure/symbol/... to a Buddha, Royal Palace, Phnom Penh, Cambodia;
7, The Seven Lucky Gods;
8, Noble Eightfold Path: aka the path to nibbāna ... ;
- correctness of understanding, aka
sammā-ditthi;
- correctness of thought, aka sammā-sankappa;
- correctness of speech, aka sammā-vācā;
- correctness of action, aka sammā-kammanta;
- correctness of livelihood, aka sammā-ājiva;
- correctness of effort, aka sammā-vāyāma;
- correctness of mindfulness, aka sammā-sati;
- correctness of concentration, aka sammā-samādhi;
8 preliminary factors of the noble path;
9 Buddhas ceremony, Buddha and 8 arahants; 8 arahat are Ananda, Gavampati, Kodañña, Moggallana, Revata, Sariputta, Upagutta, and Upali; [ The Buddha's Prescription ]; also see: prefix shin;
9 forms: mudras of the 9 forms of Amitabhas Buddha;
9 holinesses of Buddha: 1. arahan, 2. ... , 3. ... , 4. ... , 5. ... , 6. ... , 7. ... , 8. ... , 9. ... ; In Myanmar, almost all children know 9 holinesses of Buddha by heart, and 9 holinesses of Buddha is also chanted in mediation;
9 levels of
Amitabha's Pure Land
.
9 levels of
Amitabha's Pure Land
.
also see: 9 holinesses;
10 perfections of Sammasambuddha, also see: The Ten Perfections of Sammasambuddha.htm;
10 terraced miniature, 103 Buddhas, symbolizing 103 moral codes of Rakhine; Waythali Buddha; Phara Paw Buddha; Wathali, AD327; Sak Kya Muni Buddha; from Kapilawatt, India to Vesali, Rakhine; 1276 years under water, therefore, known as Phara Paw Buddha, later known as Paw Taw Mu Phara Gree Buddha, later known as Phara Paw pagoda;
11 books of
paritta; also see:
in
Myanmar, learning curve among monks might take several years to know
paritta by heart; Dhamma
exams in Pali language are only available by
Myanmar government; The most difficult dharma exam
is tipitika exam, and only a
few brightest and smartest monks can be able to pass the exam by heart in
voice only [
to carry on for 2500+ years of generation ... aka
sasana ... ];
17 surrounding smaller stupas; Pupakara architecture, similar to Sanchi Htupa in southern India; Ratana Pon stupa aka Ratanapon stupa; AD1612;
20 books, 5+ 15, also see: sutta pitaka, 2nd of tipitaka; WHERE number > 5 ... ; 2 JUN in ACT2, 5.* ... ;
24 aka ... ;
28 Buddha, also see: Paying Reverence to 28 Buddha.htm;
31, also see: number 31, aka 24+7; A Myanmar still cannot understand ACT3 number 7 yet ... ; IFF ACT2 ACT3, also see: 1 mm hole in 24 mm natural time;
31 planes: Myanmar Buddhist
believe that Buddha went to heaven plane, taught
dhamma, and then came back to Earth, since then
people celebrate homecoming event with lighting candles on a full moon day, also
see: Abhidhamma Day
; IFF
28, 29, 30, and 31, also see:
Julian calendar;
33, also see: 108 configuration ... ; WHERE 3,3,3,3 forms accordance with swastika 4 ... ;
37 kinds of bodhi; Remark: either 137 or 37? ; also see: 1000 bodhi;
37 Nats, also see: THE ORDINATION PROCEDURE & SOME VINAYA RULES.htm; also see: 36 nats, the God and Goddesses;
40 kinds of conceptual objects: also see: jhāna;
66 copies of Lotus
Sutra
,
Buddhist pilgrim left in Japan;
103 moral codes of Rakhine people, since Wathali, AD327, also see: 90,000 pagoda;
1.
3 objects of veneration, i.e. Buddha, Dharma, Sangha;
2. 5 Precepts;
3. 8 Precepts;
4. 10 Precepts;
5. 10 Principles virtues;
6. 10 Meritorious deeds;
7. 10 Good deeds;
8. 38 Blessing;
also see: 38 mingala;
mingala sutta;
9. 5 Kinds of charity for upright person;
10. 4 Prays;
also see: 4
types of mandala;
108, also see: PrayingBeads1.htm;
108 symbols, in Buddha's foot print; Thet Kya Mjinzu aka Thet Kya Maraung pagoda; AD1629; parapets & niches of the pagoda; Mjin Zu Tha Ka; flower of god; lotus flower; Gautama Buddha; 2 huge ogres as guards;
146 Buddhas in niches; Htut Kant Thein Temple; AD1571; 1 main stupa & 4 smaller stupas at corner; miniature stone stupas of vesali period; Sabbath days;
175 seated Buddhas, in 2 inner passageways; octagonal central pillar; 8 porches; surrounded by 8 stupas; and then, surrounded by 15 stupas; The holy molar relic of Buddha & Ann Daw Temple; religious connection with Sri Lanka; AD1521; 8 seated Bhumisparsha Buddha; 6 standing Buddha with 6 mudras:
Abhaya mudra right hand, for fear-dispelling attitude, Varada mudra left hand for giving charity;
Dhama Cha Kra mudra for preaching the 1st sermon to the 5 disciples at the deer park;
Dhyana [pronounce Zenna] mudra for meditation;
also see: Sanda Muni monastery, aka Bandoola monastery, in Mrauk-U, Rakhine State;
372 regulation and principle, theravada monk practices;
528 metta, loving kindness, 528 metta, 1500 metta, ... are commonly known, WHERE 528 is referred to parents' loving kindness to children, WHERE 1500 is referred to sexual related loving kindness; Lower the number, lesser the kilesa; Lesser the kilesa, higher chance to attain bhāvanā; More and more practicing bhāvanā, closer and closer to magga ... ;
1000 bo-tree Buddha(s), also see: 1000 bodhi;
1500 metta, aka 1500 kilesa;
1000 of Buddhas;Bodhi 1000 monastery is in upper Myanmar, approx. 150+ km north west of Mandalay;
2500+ aka nowadays, aka post Sasana year 2,500;
2500+ relief panels, 1400+ narrative relief panels, 70+ Buddha statues, also see: Borobudur, Central Java, Indonesia;
5000 silver tiles, a floor covering, in the Silver Pagoda, in Cambodia;
80000 pagoda, aka Shite Thoung buddha statues; also see: 90,000; Ancient Pagodas Land;
84,000 teachings; canon;
90,000 pagoda, aka Koo-Thoung Shrine, aka Koe Thaung Temple, AD1553; square site-plan; based on 9; 84,000 future Buddhas; also see: Mrouk aka Mrtouk aka Arakan aka Arakanese aka Arracanese aka Rakhaing aka Rakhine; ancient Buddhist kingdom,
after paper invention documentation, in Mahayana Buddhism, Order began 1st, and then Schools were founded;
the Magadha, Ashoka, Maurya [Mrouk aka Mrtouk]; Mauryan dynasty (c.321-185 B.C.) in Mahayana documentation, approx. 300+ years after Buddha;
Mrouk, origin of The Spread of Buddhism to south and southeast Asia;
Indian called the people "Mrouk" at that time; Therefore, ancient city name "Mrauk-U" might be referred to not only "Northern", but also the people WHO, living in the northern India; Myanmar name "U" might derive from "U", meaning "early", "edge", nowadays common prefix to adult male name;
206BC ~ AD24 Han dynasty's "clay" work were popular; the "Mrouk" people called "Chi" = "clay", "na" = "place" in the ancient language, later British defined "China", WHERE origin of the name "Chi" "na", in Magadha;
the "Mrouk" people's kingdom was defeated and occupied by Burma's kingdom in AD1784, after that time, Burma people's kingdom was defeated by British in AD1820; Lucky to survive as "Myanmar people", origin of civilization of language & religion has been a combination of "Mrouk people", "Pyu people", "Mon people", ... ; For example: some civilizations i.e. ACTEC, INCA, MAYA, were disappeared in Latin America; Buddhism state religion and language in Indonesia were disappeared;
at present, there is no Mrouk-U nation, there is no Pyu nation, there is no Mon nation, ... and civilization type is lower if compare to well developed nations i.e. electricity usage, heath care, telecommunication systems, transportation systems, and etc., the "Mrouk" people exist as Rakhine State in Myanmar; the "Pyu" people no longer exist as "Pyu" State in Myanmar [very few "Pyu" people still exist, they are more likely to be one of the ancient Chineses], the "Mon" people exist as Mon State in Myanmar [Mon spoken dialog still can communicate to some people in Thailand, and Cambodia; Cambodian has called "Phu-mi" to "Mon" people]; another "Han" related pure Buddhist "Shan" people exist as Shan State in Myanmar [Shan people's traditional food are similar to Korea in 2500+ km away; spoken dialog is similar to northern Thai people; written characters are in Myanmar]; and, so many respectable small minority peoples exist ... therefore, "Union" of Myanmar ... , so, if you were a mixed, you are a Myanmar; In philosophy, "might is always right", on the other hand, living peacefully is having metta, mudita, ... ;
after paper invention documentation, in Mahayana Buddhism, Order began 1st, and then Schools were founded;
100,000 world cycles; also see: Paying Reverence to 28 Buddha.htm;
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